Hagakure

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The Language in a Peaceful Era

“One who in wartime employs rough and manly words appropriate to an age of war and in time of peace words appropriate to peacetime, is not a samurai. It is essential for a samurai to maintain logical consistency, and if one must show valor in one’ s action during times of chaos, then one must demonstrate equal valor in words during a peaceful age.”

- Yukio Mishima, Mishima on Hagakure

What is Strength

“What is strength? It is not to be carried away by attempts at wisdom. It is not to go overboard in judgment. Jōchō knew what it was like to watch patiently while his motivation to action was crushed by wisdom and judgment. And he had seen many people lose their strength as they reached the age of discernment, so that even their newly gained wisdom and judgment were rendered ineffectual. There is a delicate paradox here. If one gains wisdom only at the age of forty, one must retain the strength to put it to use. Most of us do not, however. This is Jōchō ’s warning.”

- Yukio Mishima, Mishima on Hagakure

Aesthetics

“…just as the ancient Greeks associated aesthetics with ethics, morality in Hagakure is determined by aesthetics. What is beautiful must be strong, vivid, and brimming with energy. This is the first principle; the second is that what is moral must be beautiful. It does not mean taking great care over clothing and becoming effeminate, but rather it brings together beauty and ethical goals in the greatest possible tension.”

- Yukio Mishima, Mishima on Hagakure

Dignity

“What is dignity? Dignity is the outward manifestation of inviolable self-respect; it is what makes a man a man. It is the firm belief that one would rather die than be despised by others.”

- Yukio Mishima, Mishima on Hagakure

Note: I think what he means in this context by despised is not to be hated for one’s principles or to be disliked socially, but to be judged as completely unworthy of any esteem. I doubt Mishima or Jōchō would say that a man who is hated by the majority because his ideas are unpopular (as Mishima’s often were) has no self respect, or that he should necessarily live in fear of being despised by others. – JM

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